SMOKING

SMOKING 

WHAT IS SMOKING ?

HOW DO CIGARETTES DAMAGE HEALTH ?

MAJOR DISEASES CAUSED BY SMOKING

Smoking is a practise in which a substance , most commonly Tobacco, is burned and tasted or inhaled.This is a primarily practised as a route of administration for recreational drug use , as combustion releases the active substances in drugs such as nicotine and makes them available for absorption to the lungs.It can also be done as a part of rituals , to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment.

• The most common method of smoking today is through Cigarettes , primarily industrially manufactured but also hand-rolled from loose tobacco and rolling paper .
• Other smoking implements including pipes ,cigars, beedes, hookha's, vaporizers and bongs.
• It has been suggested that smoking related disease kills one half of long term smokers but these diseases may also contracted by non- smokers .
• A 2007 report states that , each year about 4.9 million people die as a result of smoking .
• Smoking is one of the most common forms of the recreational drug use .
• Tobacco smoking is today by far the most popular form of smoking and is pactised by one Billion people in the majority of all human societies .
• Less common drugs for smoking include cannabis and opium.
• Some of substances are classified as hard narcotics like heroin.
• But the use of these is very limited as they often not commercially available.
• Perception surrounding smoking has varied over time and from one place to another ; Holy and sinful.
• Sophisticated and vulgar, a panacea and deadly health hazard.
• Only relatively recently , and primarily and industrialized western countries , has smoking came to be viewed in a decidedly negative light .
• The inherent health hazards of smoking have caused many countries such as singapore to institue high taxes on tobaco products and anti-smoking campaings are launched every year in an attempt to curb tobacco smoking.

HISTORY

Early Uses :

•  The history of smoking dates back to as early as 5000BC in Shamanistic rituals.
• Many ancient civilizations such as Babylonians ,Indians and chinese burnt incense as a part of religious rituals.
• Cannabis smoking was introduced to Sub-saharan Africa through Ethiopia .
• And the east african coast by either indian or arab traders in the 13th century or earlier and spread on the same trade routes as those that carried coffee which originated in highlands of ethiopia.
• It was smoked in calabashed water pipes with terra cota, smoking bowls.
• Apparently and ethiopian invention which was later conveyed to eastern, soutern and central Africa.
• Popularization :

• A French man named Jean nicot ,
• From france tobacco spread to England .
• The first report of smoking englishmen is of a sailor in bristol in 1566, seen "emmiting smoke from his nostrils" .
• Like tea , coffee , opium, tobacco was just one of many intoxicants that was originally used as a form of machine .

Health risks :

• Most people know that smoking can cause lung cancer.
• But it can also cause many other cancers and illness.
• Smoking directly causes over 100,000 deaths in UK each year and contributes to many more .
• Of these deaths about 42,800 are from smoking related cancers , 30,600 from cardiovascular disease and 29,100 slowly die from emphysema and other chronic lung diseases.
• How do cigarettes damage health :

• Cigarettes contain more than 4000 chemical compounds and at least 400  toxic components.
• When u inhale a cigarette burns at 700 C at tip and around 60 C in the core .
• This heat breaks down the tobacco to produce various toxins .
• As a cigarette burns the res idues are concerntrated through the butts.
• The products that are more damaging are :
• tar, a carcinogen (substance that causes cancer).
• Nicotin is addictive and increases cholestral levels in your body.
•  Carbonmonoxide reduces the oxygen in the body.
• Components of the gas and particulate phases cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder(COPD).
• The damage caused is influenced by :
• No.of cigarettes smoked .
• Whether the cigarette has a filter.
• How the tobacco has been prepared.
• Smoking affects how long u live :

• Of the 300 people who die every day in UK as a result of smoking , many are comparitively younger smokers.

The number of people under the age of 70 who die from smoking - released diseases exceeds the total figure for deaths caused by breast cancer , AIDS , Traffic accidents and drug addiction.

Cardiovascular Disease :

• Coronary thrombosis : a blood clot in the arteries supplying the the heart , which can lead to a heart attack, around 30 % are caused by smoking.
• Cerebral thrombosis : the vessels to the brain can become blocked, which can lead to collapse, stroke and paralysis.
• Damage to the brain's blood supply is also an important cause of dimentia.
• If the kidneys arteries are affected , then high blood pressure or kidney failure results.
• Blockage to the vascular supply to the legs may lead to gangrene and amputation.
• Cancer :

• Smokers are more likely to get cancer than non-smokers .
• This is particularly true of lung cancer , throat cancer and mouth cancer, which hardly ever effect non-smokers.
• Bladder cancer .
• Cancer of Oesophagus.
• Cancer of the kidneys .
• Cancer of the Pancreas.
• Cervical cancer.

Other risks :

• Smokers run an increased risk of cataracts.
• Smokers take 25% more than sick days year than non-smokers.
• Smoking stains your teeth and gums.
• Smoking causes an acid taste in the mouth and contributes the development of ulcers.

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